If your dog has been gaining weight lately it might be more than just overeating and lack of exercise. Thyroid problems in dogs are not uncommon and certain breeds such as Golden Retrievers, Greyhounds, Irish Setters, and Cocker Spaniels among others. Hypothyroidism or an underactive thyroid is more common than is hyperthyroidism which is a term used to describe an overactive thyroid gland.
Because the thyroid gland is responsible for regulating a dog's metabolism, thyroid problems in dogs are likely to lead to weight changes. In a dog affected by hypothyroidism, a variety of other disturbing symptoms can develop including loss of hair, lethargy, personality changes, constipation, and dry, scaly skin. Your dog may be reluctant to go on a walk or participate in activities he previously enjoyed and may instead prefer to lie around the house. Signs of hypothyroidism can be so subtle and varied that they're easy to miss but any of the above signs are a signal that it's time to have your pet evaluated by his veterinarian.
How is the diagnosis of an underactive thyroid made? Your veterinarian makes the diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism based on the results of blood tests that look at levels of thyroid hormone circulating in the blood stream. He'll also look for antibodies against thyroid tissue which may indicate autoimmune thyroiditis. Autoimmune thyroiditis is a form of the disease where the immune system attacks thyroid tissue resulting in decreased ability of the thyroid to function. This form of the disease often has a genetic basis.
The good news is canine hypothyroidism can be successfully treated by supplementing with thyroid hormones on a twice daily basis. With proper treatment, your dog should regain his former pep and vigor as well as gradually lose the excess weight brought on by the disease. The key lies in recognizing the symptoms so your dog can be adequately diagnosed and treated. Many well meaning dog owners are not aware of how frequent thyroid problems in dogs are.
What about the opposite extreme or an overactive thyroid? This is much less common than is hypothyroidism in dogs, although it's not uncommon in cats. Dogs that have elevated thyroid hormone levels should be investigated to rule out a thyroid tumor as the cause. An overactive thyroid is usually associated with symptoms weight loss, hyperactivity, nervousness, increased appetite, and a rapid heart rate. The diagnosis is made by checking thyroid hormone levels via a blood test performed by your vet. Treatment is usually by surgery or use of a medication that blocks production of thyroid hormone.
Thyroid problems in dogs can result in a variety of personality changes as well as changes in body weight and eating habits. By being aware of these changes, you can have your dog diagnosed quickly and get him on the path back to good health.
